GLOBAL ARCHITECT'S

TYPES OF WELDING SYMBOLS     TYPES OF JOINTS By mean so welding, it is possible to make continuous, load bearing joints between the members of a structure. A variety of joints is used in structural steel work and they can be classified into four basic configurations namely , Lap joint,Tee joint, Butt joint and Corner joint.       For lap joints, the ends of two members are overlapped and for butt joints, the two members are placed end to end, The T joints form a Tee and in Corner joints, the ends ae joined like the letter L. Most common joints are made up of fillet weld or the butt also called groove weld. Plug and slot welds are not generally used in structural steel work. Fillet welds are suitable for lab joints and Tee joints and groove welds for butt and corner joints. Butt welds can be of complete penetration or incomplete penetration depending upon whether the penetration is complete through the thickness or partial. Generally a description of welded joints re

WHAT IS FILLET WELD AND ITS PROCESS     Weld is the process of joining two pieces of metal by creating a strong metallurgical bond between them by heating or pressure or both. It is distinguished from other forms of mechanical connections. Such as riveting or bolting, which are formed by friction or mechanical interlocking. It is one f the oldest and reliable methods of joining.      Welding offers many advantages over bolting and riveting. Welding enables direct transfer of  stress between members eliminating gusset and splice plates necessary for bolted structures. Hence,     the weight of the joint in minimum.   In the case of tension members, the absence of holes improves the efficient of the section. It involves less fabrication cost compared to other methods due to handling of fewer parts and elimination of operations like drilling, punching etc. and consequently less labor leading to economy. Welding offers air tight and water tight joining and hence is ideal   for

WATER TO CEMENT RATIO The ratio between water and cement by weight is known as Water Cement Ratio. The quantity of water added to the cement while preparing concrete mixes has been known to exert tremendous influence on the quality of concrete. Cement and water are the only two chemically active elements in concrete. By their combination they form a glue like binder paste which create bond between fine aggegates and course aggregate. Water is the most important element in concrete governing all the properties of cement concrete like durability, strength and fire resistance. THE FUNCTIONS OF MIXING WATER ARE : ·          When water mix with cement ,The chemical reaction starts between water and cement , ·          This reaction starts the hydration in past   from that the cement and water past starts setting        according to the type of cement and type of construction.         To make the concrete workable so that it can be placed

BLEEDING OF CONCRETE AND ITS EFFECT TO CONCRETE BLEEDING OF CONCRETE Bleeding is one form of segregation, where water comes out to the surface of the concrete,Bleeding can be easily identified in the field by the appearance of a thin layer of water in the top surface of freshly mixed concrete. EFFECTS OF BLEEDING OF CONCRETE Due to bleeding concrete loses its homogeneity (the strength will not same at all the point) Bleeding is responsible for causing permeability in concrete. In the process of bleeding water comes upwards or it will flow from centering boxes,This accumulation of water creates  voids and reduces bond between the reinforcement and concrete. bleeding can effect workability of concrete . In pavement construction bleeding water delays surface finishing and application of curing compound. Bleeding in fresh concrete refers to the process where free water in the mix is pushed upward to the surface due to the settlement of heavier solid p

Workability of concrete Workablity of concrete is the property of freshly mixed concrete which determines the ease and homogeneity with which it cab be easily mixed,placed,consolidated and finished. We knew that what is concrete, it is a mixture of fine aggregate , course aggregate ,cement and water. When these proportions are mixed it forms concrete, this concrete should in such a way that it should easily make any shape and spread without loosing water in it. The workablity of concrete depends on many factors like, Cement content Water content , Mix proportions,Size of aggregates, Grading of aggregates etc. Workability is directly proportion to water cement ratio, water to cement ratio is inversely proportion strength of concrete, that means higher the water cement ratio lesser the strength of concrete, lesser the water cement ration higher the strength in concrete. Types of Workability of concrete:  Workability of concrete can be divided into following three typ

AUTOCAD COMMANDS LIST WITH EXAMPLE Here I will show autocad commands list with some example used in making drawing by using  auto cad, autocad stands for computer aided design,many student those who completed there civil engineer but they do not know auto cad commands and they face some problems while drawing typical plans. Autcad is basic software for a civil engineer that he should must know about it and with some most useful commands. After completing engineer many students face problems for getting jobs, they ask that there is no job in civil engineering or they sir I am not getting job or just they go for site engineer job. Civil Engineers has more scope in there field for there career if they knew some software's and some technical knowledge. AUTOCAD COMMANDS LIST First I will show the commands which I use mostly or repeatedly 1)   Line       ( L enter) 2) Offset   (O enter ) 3) Trim  (TR enter enter) 4)  Move  (M enter) 5) Copy

HOW TO MAKE FLOOR PLAN Here I will show you that what is the basic requirement to make a floor plan. Mostly it depends on your requirements or if you are a civil engineer or a diploma holder, you will confuse that how should I make it , STEP TO MAKE A FLOOR PLAN STEP 1)  First check out what is the requirement of your client or owner, STEP 2)  You need to know about measurements like feet, inches, meters , mm,                 you have to fix your mind with some measurements, like fix your own house in feet or                        meters in  your mind.                 It will help you to compare area or length and breath.        If you cant fix some measurements in your mind then you will confuse to make dimensions of the       room, I will give you some example     Mostly it is depends on living condition, number of family members, available space,parking     and so.                                                                Here look at this plan you